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Salutations and titles in other languages read as given names: Herra Väinö Johansson gives given Herra #606
Description
Rationale
TITLES covers the English, German, French, Italian, Portuguese and Scandinavian salutations (Herr, Frau, Mme, Signora, Senhor, Fru, Frøken, Mevrouw). For many other European and Southeast Asian languages it has none, so the salutation becomes the given name and the real given name drops to middle:
Herra Väinö Johansson → given Herra, middle Väinö, family Johansson
Doamna Alina-Victoria Popescu → given Doamna, middle Alina-Victoria
Familie Hansen → given Familie, family Hansen
Found reviewing NameAPI's demo examples (Herra, Proua, Doamna, Gospođa, Frú, Familie all appear there) and its posts listing "Mister" and "Graf" equivalents across languages, plus English titles collected from real-world name data.
Criterion
titles has no ambiguous subset, so membership is all-or-nothing: a word qualifies only if it is never borne as a name in the leading position, where the title claim acts (decisions.md#vocabulary-collisions C-i and its position qualifier). That includes a family name written first, as in Vietnamese, Hungarian, or Russian lists. When unsure, the word is excluded (AGENTS.md: "a missing member just means that name isn't auto-handled, whereas a wrong member misparses a real person").
Proposed additions (no known leading-position collision)
| language | Mr / Mrs / Miss, or office | nobility ("Count") |
|---|---|---|
| English | commissioner, counsel, administrator |
— |
| Finnish | herra, rouva, neiti |
kreivi |
| Estonian | härra, proua, preili |
krahv |
| Romanian | domnul, doamna, doamnă, domnișoara |
— |
| Croatian/Serbian/Bosnian (Latin) | gospodin, gospođa, gospođica |
— |
| Icelandic | (herra), frú, ungfrú |
greifi |
| Dutch | meneer, juffrouw (mevrouw already) |
— |
| Czech | paní, slečna |
— |
| Polish | — | hrabia |
| Lithuanian | ponas, ponia |
grafas |
| Swedish | fröken (fru, herr already) |
— |
| Malay | encik |
— |
| Filipino | ginoo, ginang, binibini |
— |
| Georgian (Latin) | batoni, kalbatoni |
grafi |
| Greek (Latin) | — | gravos |
| "Family of" | familie (no/da/de) |
— |
Measured with a temporary Lexicon.add(titles=...):
- Every example above moves to
title(Herra Väinö Johansson→ titleHerra, givenVäinö;Familie Hansen→ titleFamilie, familyHansen). - None of the 1,806 names in
tools/differential/*.jsonlchanges. None of the words appears there, and none appears intests/ordocs/. - None overlaps any other vocabulary set (particles, suffixes, conjunctions, bound given names, given-name titles, maiden markers).
These complete multi-word titles that half-work today: Police Commissioner James Gordon currently gives title Police, given Commissioner, and becomes title Police Commissioner, given James. The same goes for General Counsel Jane Doe.
The collision evidence is general knowledge of each word, not a name database. The implementing PR should spot-check each one against a surname/given-name source before landing.
Suffix addition: knt
knt (Knight) is a post-nominal and joins SUFFIX_ACRONYMS beside kt, which is already there. Measured:
| input | now | proposed |
|---|---|---|
Sir John Smith Knt |
family Knt |
suffix Knt |
John Smith, Knt. |
title Knt. |
suffix Knt. |
Decide: borne as surnames, but only in trailing position
greve (Scandinavian "Count", also a Danish/Norwegian/German surname), graaf (Dutch, also a surname) and knight (a common English surname; Gladys Knight parses correctly). The precedent is graf, which already ships though Steffi Graf exists: Steffi Graf and Graf, Steffi parse correctly. The cost is the uncommaed family-first form, which graf already pays: Graf Steffi → title Graf, family Steffi. Adding these three accepts the same cost for Greve Anna, Graaf Jan and Knight Gladys.
Excluded (recorded in decisions.md's Excluded block)
| word | why |
|---|---|
ông (vi Mr), bà (vi Mrs) |
Ông is a Vietnamese surname, and Vietnamese names lead with the surname |
thiru (ta Mr) |
a Tamil given name |
puan (ms Mrs) |
an Indonesian given name (Puan Maharani) |
pan (pl/cs Mr) |
the Chinese surname Pan |
rodina (cs "family") |
a Russian surname, often written surname-first |
gróf (hu Count) |
a possible Hungarian surname in a surname-first culture; unverified, so excluded |
pani, cik, paron, tikin, janab (Latin spellings) |
unverified; when unsure, exclude. Latin janab follows the sri/shri pattern: Devanagari जनाब ships, and the Latin spelling needs its own check |
begum |
already declined (decisions.md) |
marshal |
a given name (Marshal Yanda). The accepted cost is that Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery keeps reading title Field, given Marshal |
justice |
a given name (Justice Smith). Likewise Chief Justice John Roberts keeps title Chief, given Justice |
Out of scope (separate questions)
- Hungarian
úr/asszonyfollow the name (Kovács úr). That's the trailing position, which a bare title word never claims (rules.md#H5). Belongs with the Hungarianifj./-néquestion. - Inflected professional titles (
profesora,professora). Leading abbreviations (Profa.,Prof.ª) are already titles through the period-abbreviation shape rule; the bare full words are an open-ended class and aren't chased here. - Title phrases joined by a particle:
Profesora de Historia María López→ familyde Historia María López, becausedeis a particle where Englishofis a conjunction. That's a rule question, not vocabulary. - Words that mark a non-person string:
estate,administration,department,commission. These describe the string, not a person, and as titles they misfire: the conjunction chain carriesestateinto the given name (Estate of John Smith→ titleEstate of John, no given name), and a trailingAdministrationnever claims. Detecting estates and organisations is a separate feature.
Same-PR obligations
titles.py entries grouped by language with a comment each; knt in suffixes.py; a decisions.md entry recording the per-word C-i check, including the Excluded rows; a release-log bullet; case-table rows contrasting an added word (Herra Väinö Johansson) with an excluded one (Ông Văn Tùng, under the order Vietnamese names use).
Activity
Merge origin/master (#608, #606) into the #601/#602 branch
Add salutations, offices and ranks in other languages to TITLES (dere…
Name the derek73#606 borne-word class as an exception to C-i
Add tools/name_usage.py: count a word's bearers as given and family n…
Describe each word by its readings: per-word TOML vocabulary compiled…
Address the PR review of #769
Add title kinds; classify the salutations and given-addressing titles (…
Address the PR review of #750 part 2
Classify the rest of the titles; und.toml holds no title (#750) (#773)
docs(design): give decisions/R4 a Standing block (#762) (#822)
Act on Derek's answers: no report after a family comma; grace and mar…
Read a title that is also a given name as a title only inside a title…