Include support for Python 3.12

[tabedzki]

Steps

• Removing pinned packages tying datajoint to older Python versions (as will be done in Bumped minimum version to 3.8 #1163)
  • Currently Python 3.12 is not supported due to a pinned package in datajoint-python's setup.py that causes datajoint elements to use an older version of scikit-image which is incompatible with Py3.12 (version 0.19.3 is used instead of 0.24.0).
• Update Docker for Python 3.12 - Will not implement, in favor of new Docker image in Remove old tests #1185 instead of using djtest/djbase images
  • Merge Add python 3.12 miniconda3-docker#50
  • Merge Add python 3.12 djbase-docker#36
• Updating GHA for Python 3.12
  • Implemented on Remove old tests #1185

Requirements

A clear and concise description of the requirements to satisfy the new feature. Detail what you expect from a successful implementation of the feature. Ex. When using this feature, it should [...]

Justification

Python 3.12 has been out since October 2023.

@ethho let me know if there is anything else that should be included in this write up or any other steps I may have missed.