perf: optimize try_arithmetic_kernel (up to 4x faster)

[andygrove]

Which issue does this PR close?

N/A

Rationale for this change

Optimize existing expression.

What changes are included in this PR?

Replaced four builder-based row-by-row loops with a single generic kernel that reads operands from the raw value slices and unions the null buffers once, removing the per-element null probes and PrimitiveBuilder null-buffer appends from the hot loop.

How are these changes tested?

Existing tests + new unit tests.

Benchmark (criterion):

• checked_sub_i64_ansi_with_nulls: 68.147% faster (base 18814ns -> cand 5992ns)
• checked_sub_i64_ansi_no_nulls: 61.969% faster (base 12122ns -> cand 4610ns)
• checked_div_f64_ansi_with_nulls: 70.188% faster (base 19442ns -> cand 5796ns)
• checked_add_i32_ansi_no_nulls: 70.466% faster (base 11532ns -> cand 3405ns)
• checked_add_i32_ansi_with_nulls: 74.668% faster (base 19018ns -> cand 4817ns)
• checked_mul_i64_ansi_with_nulls: 62.761% faster (base 18956ns -> cand 7059ns)
• checked_add_i32_try_with_nulls: 39.008% faster (base 18674ns -> cand 11389ns)
• checked_add_i32_try_no_nulls: 26.572% faster (base 5111ns -> cand 3753ns)
• checked_div_f64_ansi_no_nulls: 78.247% faster (base 15097ns -> cand 3284ns)
• checked_mul_i64_ansi_no_nulls: 53.602% faster (base 11030ns -> cand 5117ns)

Full criterion output:

checked_arithmetic/checked_add_i32_ansi_no_nulls
                        time:   [3.3873 µs 3.3965 µs 3.4073 µs]
                        change: [−70.767% −70.466% −70.257%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 1 outliers among 100 measurements (1.00%)
  1 (1.00%) high mild
checked_arithmetic/checked_add_i32_try_no_nulls
                        time:   [3.7449 µs 3.7522 µs 3.7602 µs]
                        change: [−27.302% −26.572% −25.955%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 12 outliers among 100 measurements (12.00%)
  7 (7.00%) high mild
  5 (5.00%) high severe
checked_arithmetic/checked_sub_i64_ansi_no_nulls
                        time:   [4.6115 µs 4.6161 µs 4.6215 µs]
                        change: [−62.733% −61.969% −61.301%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 10 outliers among 100 measurements (10.00%)
  5 (5.00%) low mild
  4 (4.00%) high mild
  1 (1.00%) high severe
checked_arithmetic/checked_mul_i64_ansi_no_nulls
                        time:   [4.9912 µs 5.0081 µs 5.0288 µs]
                        change: [−54.837% −53.602% −52.449%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 6 outliers among 100 measurements (6.00%)
  1 (1.00%) high mild
  5 (5.00%) high severe
checked_arithmetic/checked_div_f64_ansi_no_nulls
                        time:   [3.2848 µs 3.2979 µs 3.3125 µs]
                        change: [−78.363% −78.247% −78.135%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 10 outliers among 100 measurements (10.00%)
  6 (6.00%) high mild
  4 (4.00%) high severe
checked_arithmetic/checked_add_i32_ansi_with_nulls
                        time:   [4.7731 µs 4.7846 µs 4.7987 µs]
                        change: [−74.790% −74.668% −74.551%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 5 outliers among 100 measurements (5.00%)
  5 (5.00%) high mild
checked_arithmetic/checked_add_i32_try_with_nulls
                        time:   [11.292 µs 11.396 µs 11.507 µs]
                        change: [−39.443% −39.008% −38.567%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 1 outliers among 100 measurements (1.00%)
  1 (1.00%) high mild
checked_arithmetic/checked_sub_i64_ansi_with_nulls
                        time:   [6.0276 µs 6.0472 µs 6.0646 µs]
                        change: [−68.222% −68.147% −68.067%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
checked_arithmetic/checked_mul_i64_ansi_with_nulls
                        time:   [6.9766 µs 6.9971 µs 7.0202 µs]
                        change: [−62.881% −62.761% −62.647%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 3 outliers among 100 measurements (3.00%)
  3 (3.00%) high mild
checked_arithmetic/checked_div_f64_ansi_with_nulls
                        time:   [5.7559 µs 5.7662 µs 5.7790 µs]
                        change: [−70.608% −70.188% −69.860%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.

[comphead]

thanks @andygrove