[C++] Add vcpkg.json manifest to cpp project root

[asfimport]

Add a vcpkg.json manifest file to the cpp project root to enable easy one-liner installation of build dependencies with vcpkg:

vcpkg install --clean-after-build --triplet x64-windows --x-manifest-root C:\path\to\arrow\cpp 

Info about vcpkg manifests:

• https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/vcpkg-accelerate-your-team-development-environment-with-binary-caching-and-manifests/#announcing-manifests-and-binary-caching-support

• https://vcpkg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specifications/manifests/

• https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/blob/master/docs/users/manifests.md

   

Reporter: Ian Cook / @ianmcook
Assignee: Ian Cook / @ianmcook

Related issues:

• [C++][Doc] Improve Developing on Windows docs (relates to)
• [C++] Suppress vcpkg manifest disabled messages from msbuild (is related to)
• [Packaging][C++] Formalize distribution through vcpkg (is related to)
• [CI][C++] Resolve ctest failures on VS 2019 builds (is related to)
• [C++] Add CMake option ARROW_DEPENDENCY_SOURCE=VCPKG (is depended upon by)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #9287

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-11340. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs:
Issue resolved by pull request 9287
#9287