Chore: refactor figure with new subplot manager

ultraplot/_subplots.py

@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+"""
+Subplot creation and management for ultraplot figures.
+"""
+
+from numbers import Integral
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import matplotlib.axes as maxes
+import matplotlib.gridspec as mgridspec
+import matplotlib.projections as mproj
+import numpy as np
+
+from . import axes as paxes
+from . import constructor
+from . import gridspec as pgridspec
+from .internals import _not_none, _pop_params, warnings
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .figure import Figure
+
+
+class SubplotManager:
+    """
+    Manages subplot creation, gridspec ownership, and projection parsing
+    for a Figure instance.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    figure : `~ultraplot.figure.Figure`
+        The parent figure.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, figure: "Figure"):
+        self.figure = figure
+        self.subplot_dict: dict = {}
+        self.counter: int = 0
+        self._gridspec = None
+
+    @property
+    def gridspec(self):
+        """The single GridSpec used for all subplots in the figure."""
+        return self._gridspec
+
+    @gridspec.setter
+    def gridspec(self, gs):
+        if not isinstance(gs, pgridspec.GridSpec):
+            raise ValueError("Gridspec must be a ultraplot.GridSpec instance.")
+        self._gridspec = gs
+        gs.figure = self.figure  # gridspec.figure should reference the real Figure
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse_backend(backend=None, basemap=None):
+        """
+        Handle deprecation of basemap and cartopy package.
+        """
+        if backend == "basemap":
+            warnings._warn_ultraplot(
+                f"{backend=} will be deprecated in next major release (v2.0). "
+                "See https://github.com/Ultraplot/ultraplot/pull/243"
+            )
+        return backend
+
+    def parse_proj(
+        self,
+        proj=None,
+        projection=None,
+        proj_kw=None,
+        projection_kw=None,
+        backend=None,
+        basemap=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Translate user-input projection into a registered matplotlib axes class.
+        """
+        # Parse arguments
+        proj = _not_none(proj=proj, projection=projection, default="cartesian")
+        proj_kw = _not_none(proj_kw=proj_kw, projection_kw=projection_kw, default={})
+        backend = self.parse_backend(backend, basemap)
+        if isinstance(proj, str):
+            proj = proj.lower()
+
+        # Search axes projections
+        name = None
+
+        # Handle cartopy/basemap Projection objects directly
+        # These should be converted to Ultraplot GeoAxes
+        if not isinstance(proj, str):
+            if constructor.Projection is not object and isinstance(
+                proj, constructor.Projection
+            ):
+                name = "ultraplot_cartopy"
+                kwargs["map_projection"] = proj
+            elif constructor.Basemap is not object and isinstance(
+                proj, constructor.Basemap
+            ):
+                name = "ultraplot_basemap"
+                kwargs["map_projection"] = proj
+
+        if name is None and isinstance(proj, str):
+            try:
+                mproj.get_projection_class("ultraplot_" + proj)
+            except (KeyError, ValueError):
+                pass
+            else:
+                name = "ultraplot_" + proj
+        if name is None and isinstance(proj, str):
+            # Try geographic projections first if cartopy/basemap available
+            if (
+                constructor.Projection is not object
+                or constructor.Basemap is not object
+            ):
+                try:
+                    proj_obj = constructor.Proj(
+                        proj, backend=backend, include_axes=True, **proj_kw
+                    )
+                    name = "ultraplot_" + proj_obj._proj_backend
+                    kwargs["map_projection"] = proj_obj
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass  # not a geographic projection, try matplotlib registry below
+
+            # If not geographic, check if registered globally in matplotlib
+            # (e.g., 'ternary', 'polar', '3d')
+            if name is None and proj in mproj.get_projection_names():
+                name = proj
+
+        if name is None and isinstance(proj, str):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Invalid projection name {proj!r}. If you are trying to generate a "
+                "GeoAxes with a cartopy.crs.Projection or mpl_toolkits.basemap.Basemap "
+                "then cartopy or basemap must be installed. Otherwise the known axes "
+                f"subclasses are:\n{paxes._cls_table}"
+            )
+
+        if name is not None:
+            kwargs["projection"] = name
+        return kwargs
+
+    def add_subplot(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        The driver function for adding single subplots.
+        """
+        fig = self.figure
+        fig._layout_dirty = True
+        kwargs = self.parse_proj(**kwargs)
+
+        args = args or (1, 1, 1)
+        gs = self.gridspec
+
+        # Integer arg
+        if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], Integral):
+            if not 111 <= args[0] <= 999:
+                raise ValueError(f"Input {args[0]} must fall between 111 and 999.")
+            args = tuple(map(int, str(args[0])))
+
+        # Subplot spec
+        if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(
+            args[0], (maxes.SubplotBase, mgridspec.SubplotSpec)
+        ):
+            ss = args[0]
+            if isinstance(ss, maxes.SubplotBase):
+                ss = ss.get_subplotspec()
+            if gs is None:
+                gs = ss.get_topmost_subplotspec().get_gridspec()
+            if not isinstance(gs, pgridspec.GridSpec):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Input subplotspec must be derived from a ultraplot.GridSpec."
+                )
+            if ss.get_topmost_subplotspec().get_gridspec() is not gs:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Input subplotspec must be derived from the active figure gridspec."
+                )
+
+        # Row and column spec
+        elif (
+            len(args) == 3
+            and all(isinstance(arg, Integral) for arg in args[:2])
+            and all(isinstance(arg, Integral) for arg in np.atleast_1d(args[2]))
+        ):
+            nrows, ncols, num = args
+            i, j = np.resize(num, 2)
+            if gs is None:
+                gs = pgridspec.GridSpec(nrows, ncols)
+            orows, ocols = gs.get_geometry()
+            if orows % nrows:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"The input number of rows {nrows} does not divide the "
+                    f"figure gridspec number of rows {orows}."
+                )
+            if ocols % ncols:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"The input number of columns {ncols} does not divide the "
+                    f"figure gridspec number of columns {ocols}."
+                )
+            if any(_ < 1 or _ > nrows * ncols for _ in (i, j)):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "The input subplot indices must fall between "
+                    f"1 and {nrows * ncols}. Instead got {i} and {j}."
+                )
+            rowfact, colfact = orows // nrows, ocols // ncols
+            irow, icol = divmod(i - 1, ncols)  # convert to zero-based
+            jrow, jcol = divmod(j - 1, ncols)
+            irow, icol = irow * rowfact, icol * colfact
+            jrow, jcol = (jrow + 1) * rowfact - 1, (jcol + 1) * colfact - 1
+            ss = gs[irow : jrow + 1, icol : jcol + 1]
+
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid add_subplot positional arguments {args!r}.")
+
+        # Add the subplot
+        # NOTE: Must assign unique label to each subplot or else subsequent calls
+        # to add_subplot() in mpl < 3.4 may return an already-drawn subplot in the
+        # wrong location due to gridspec override.
+        self.gridspec = gs  # trigger layout adjustment
+        self.counter += 1
+        kwargs.setdefault("label", f"subplot_{self.counter}")
+        kwargs.setdefault("number", 1 + max(self.subplot_dict, default=0))
+        kwargs.pop("refwidth", None)  # TODO: remove this
+
+        # Use container approach for external projections to make them
+        # ultraplot-compatible. Skip projections that start with "ultraplot_"
+        # as these are already Ultraplot axes classes.
+        projection_name = kwargs.get("projection")
+        external_axes_class = None
+        external_axes_kwargs = {}
+
+        if projection_name and isinstance(projection_name, str):
+            if not projection_name.startswith("ultraplot_"):
+                try:
+                    proj_class = mproj.get_projection_class(projection_name)
+                    if not issubclass(proj_class, paxes.Axes):
+                        external_axes_class = proj_class
+                        external_axes_kwargs["projection"] = projection_name
+
+                        from .axes.container import create_external_axes_container
+
+                        container_name = f"_ultraplot_container_{projection_name}"
+                        if container_name not in mproj.get_projection_names():
+                            container_class = create_external_axes_container(
+                                proj_class, projection_name=container_name
+                            )
+                            mproj.register_projection(container_class)
+
+                        kwargs["projection"] = container_name
+                        kwargs["external_axes_class"] = external_axes_class
+                        kwargs["external_axes_kwargs"] = external_axes_kwargs
+                except (KeyError, ValueError):
+                    pass
+
+        kwargs.pop("_subplot_spec", None)
+
+        # NOTE: Skip past Figure.add_subplot (which routes back here) to the
+        # matplotlib implementation. Using super() rather than naming the
+        # matplotlib class keeps any mixin between Figure and matplotlib's
+        # Figure in a subclass MRO from being bypassed.
+        from .figure import Figure
+
+        ax = super(Figure, fig).add_subplot(ss, **kwargs)
+        if ax.number:
+            self.subplot_dict[ax.number] = ax
+        return ax
+
+    def add_subplots(
+        self,
+        array=None,
+        nrows=1,
+        ncols=1,
+        order="C",
+        proj=None,
+        projection=None,
+        proj_kw=None,
+        projection_kw=None,
+        backend=None,
+        basemap=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        The driver function for adding multiple subplots.
+        """
+        fig = self.figure
+
+        # Helper to normalize per-axes arguments into {num: value} dicts.
+        # Accepts 'string', {1: 'string1', (2, 3): 'string2'}, or lists.
+        def _axes_dict(naxs, input, kw=False, default=None):
+            if not kw:  # 'string' or {1: 'string1', (2, 3): 'string2'}
+                if np.iterable(input) and not isinstance(input, (str, dict)):
+                    input = {num + 1: item for num, item in enumerate(input)}
+                elif not isinstance(input, dict):
+                    input = {range(1, naxs + 1): input}
+            else:  # {key: value} or {1: {key: value1}, (2, 3): {key: value2}}
+                nested = [isinstance(_, dict) for _ in input.values()]
+                if not any(nested):  # any([]) == False
+                    input = {range(1, naxs + 1): input.copy()}
+                elif not all(nested):
+                    raise ValueError(f"Invalid input {input!r}.")
+            # Unfurl keys that contain multiple axes numbers
+            output = {}
+            for nums, item in input.items():
+                nums = np.atleast_1d(nums)
+                for num in nums.flat:
+                    output[num] = item.copy() if kw else item
+            # Fill with default values
+            for num in range(1, naxs + 1):
+                if num not in output:
+                    output[num] = {} if kw else default
+            if output.keys() != set(range(1, naxs + 1)):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Have {naxs} axes, but {input!r} includes props for the axes: "
+                    + ", ".join(map(repr, sorted(output)))
+                    + "."
+                )
+            return output
+
+        # Build the subplot array
+        # NOTE: Currently this may ignore user-input nrows/ncols without warning
+        if order not in ("C", "F"):  # better error message
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid order={order!r}. Options are 'C' or 'F'.")
+        gs = None
+        if array is None or isinstance(array, mgridspec.GridSpec):
+            if array is not None:
+                gs, nrows, ncols = array, array.nrows, array.ncols
+            array = np.arange(1, nrows * ncols + 1)[..., None]
+            array = array.reshape((nrows, ncols), order=order)
+        else:
+            array = np.atleast_1d(array)
+            array[array == None] = 0  # None or 0 both valid placeholders  # noqa: E711
+            array = array.astype(int)
+            if array.ndim == 1:  # interpret as single row or column
+                array = array[None, :] if order == "C" else array[:, None]
+            elif array.ndim != 2:
+                raise ValueError(f"Expected 1D or 2D array of integers. Got {array}.")
+
+        # Parse input format, gridspec, and projection arguments
+        # NOTE: Permit figure format keywords for e.g. 'collabels' (more intuitive)
+        nums = np.unique(array[array != 0])
+        naxs = len(nums)
+        if any(num < 0 or not isinstance(num, Integral) for num in nums.flat):
+            raise ValueError(f"Expected array of positive integers. Got {array}.")
+        proj = _not_none(projection=projection, proj=proj)
+        proj = _axes_dict(naxs, proj, kw=False, default="cartesian")
+        proj_kw = _not_none(projection_kw=projection_kw, proj_kw=proj_kw) or {}
+        proj_kw = _axes_dict(naxs, proj_kw, kw=True)
+        backend = self.parse_backend(backend, basemap)
+        backend = _axes_dict(naxs, backend, kw=False)
+        axes_kw = {
+            num: {"proj": proj[num], "proj_kw": proj_kw[num], "backend": backend[num]}
+            for num in proj
+        }
+        for key in ("gridspec_kw", "subplot_kw"):
+            kw = kwargs.pop(key, None)
+            if not kw:
+                continue
+            warnings._warn_ultraplot(
+                f"{key!r} is not necessary in ultraplot. Pass the "
+                "parameters as keyword arguments instead."
+            )
+            kwargs.update(kw or {})
+        figure_kw = _pop_params(kwargs, fig._format_signature)
+        gridspec_kw = _pop_params(kwargs, pgridspec.GridSpec._update_params)
+
+        # Create or update the gridspec and add subplots with subplotspecs
+        # NOTE: The gridspec is added to the figure when we pass the subplotspec
+        if gs is None:
+            if "layout_array" not in gridspec_kw:
+                gridspec_kw = {**gridspec_kw, "layout_array": array}
+            gs = pgridspec.GridSpec(*array.shape, **gridspec_kw)
+        else:
+            gs.update(**gridspec_kw)
+        axs = naxs * [None]  # list of axes
+        axids = [np.where(array == i) for i in np.sort(np.unique(array)) if i > 0]
+        axcols = np.array([[x.min(), x.max()] for _, x in axids])
+        axrows = np.array([[y.min(), y.max()] for y, _ in axids])
+        for idx in range(naxs):
+            num = idx + 1
+            x0, x1 = axcols[idx, 0], axcols[idx, 1]
+            y0, y1 = axrows[idx, 0], axrows[idx, 1]
+            ss = gs[y0 : y1 + 1, x0 : x1 + 1]
+            kw = {**kwargs, **axes_kw[num], "number": num}
+            axs[idx] = fig.add_subplot(ss, **kw)
+        fig.format(skip_axes=True, **figure_kw)
+        return pgridspec.SubplotGrid(axs)
+
+    @property
+    def subplotgrid(self):
+        """A SubplotGrid of numbered subplots sorted by number."""
+        return pgridspec.SubplotGrid([s for _, s in sorted(self.subplot_dict.items())])